Concrete Form Liners in Architecture

Concrete form liners are used to add texture to what otherwise would be bare walls showing only the imprint of whatever materials were used when the concrete was poured into a mold. Usually made of styrene or ABS plastic, the formliner (the term is also used as two separate words - form liner) is placed inside the structural forming system and then acts as a mold to imprint a specific texture to the concrete. There are a large variety of patterns available, and they can give concrete a brick, block, or rock pattern. Formliners can also generate wood grain textures, flutes or fractured fins. But what is formliners relevance to art and architecture?

The answer is no farther than a look at the magnificent Ahwanee Hotel located in the Yosemite National Park in California. The Ahwanee is a magnificent structure that was built in the 1920s and has been a national historic landmark since the 1980s. Fitting beautifully into the majestic Yosemite scenery, the hotel is constructed from rough-cut granite and wood. When I first saw the Ahwanee I marveled at its beauty, but also wondered if such extensive use of wood in a remote area did not represent a fire hazard. Well, the wood isn't wood. It is poured concrete that was textured with early formliners and stained to look like redwood and pine bark. When you look at the building from a distance, you see horizontal redwood siding and rough, milled timbers.

What architect Gilbert Stanley Underwood accomplished with the Ahwanee Hotel was an intelligent solution to the challenge of designing a building that fit into the breathtaking grandeur of Yosemite with its rock and woods yet was also resistant to fire. It became an architectural masterpiece and also a monument to innovative use of construction materials. By shaping, texturing and staining concrete, Underwood conjured up the natural beauty of wood, yet without incurring any of wood's drawbacks in terms of cost, safety and longevity. Underwood may not have had the type of plastic formliner we use today, but the idea and concept was the same.

While the Ahwanee was one of the most earliest and most famous examples of formliner architecture and its builders had to overcome many challenges, the concept is readily available today to architects, engineers and contractors. It adds a great degree of artistic and architectural freedom to using concrete as a construction material. Colors and textures become part of the design language, the finish of concrete as relevant as its structural properties.

Adding texture to concrete was a major task an expense when the Ahwanee was built. Today, elastomeric and urethane formliners can be specified and ordered right out of catalogs from companies that specialize in them. Hundreds of patters and textures are available, with top-notch formliner makers able to interpret and produce drawings, provide custom patterns and rustications, while adhering to schedules and budgets.

While concrete has been used as a construction material for thousands of years, it's been the fairly recent advent of concrete form liners that has given architects and engineers a powerful new tool to work with this most flexible of construction materials.

Chris Robertson is an author of Majon International, one of the worlds MOST popular internet marketing companies on the web.

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Modern Architecture

Modern architecture is a style found in the buildings that have simple form without any ornamental structures to them. This style of architecture first came up around 1900. By 1940, modern architecture was identified as an international style and became the dominant way to build for many decades in the 20th century. Modern architects apply scientific and analytical methods to design.

Many historians relate the origins of this style of architecture to the social and political revolution of the time, though others see modern architecture as primarily driven by technological and engineering developments. The availability of new materials such as iron, steel, concrete, and glass brought about new building techniques as part of the industrial revolution. Some regard modern architecture as a reaction against ancient building style. Above all, it is widely accepted as a matter of taste.

For the international style, the most commonly used materials are glass for the facade, steel for exterior support, and concrete for the floors and interior supports. The floor plans are functional and logical. But, many people are not fond of the modern style. They find its stark, uncompromisingly rectangular geometrical designs quite inhumane. They think this universal style is sterile, elitist, and lacks meaning.

Modern architecture challenged traditional ideas about the types of structures suitable for architectural design. Only important civic buildings, aristocratic palaces, churches, and public institutions had long been the mainstay of architectural practices. But, modernist designers argued that architects should design everything that was necessary for society, even the most humble buildings.

Architects began to plan low-cost housing, railroad stations, factories, warehouses, and commercial spaces. In the first half of the 20th century, modern architects produced furniture, textiles, and wallpaper - as well as designing houses - to create a totally designed domestic environment. The aesthetics used by modern architects celebrated function in all forms of design, from household furnishings to massive ocean liners and new flying machines.

Modern architecture originated in the United States and Europe and spread across the rest of the world. The characteristic features that made modern architecture possible were buildings, stylistic movements, technology, and modern materials.

Architecture provides detailed information on Architecture, Architecture Designs, Architecture Schools, Landscape Architecture and more. Architecture is affiliated with Residential Architects.

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Architecture Schools

Rapid urbanization and buildings turning into art forms has given a boost to architecture studies. Colleges and universities across the USA offer professional courses in architecture and related fields accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB). This is an important requirement for being a licensed architect.

The best route in being a registered or licensed architect is a five-year Bachelor or Master of Architecture degree program. If hesitant or unsure of career choice, opt for a four-year bachelor's degree and then move on to graduate school for a 2- or 3-year Masters Degree program in Architecture. To be a licensed or registered architect one needs an internship in an architectural firm working under the supervision of registered professionals, followed by a comprehensive examination.

Different states have their own jurisdiction procedures. Some boards require a pre-professional degree in architecture or a bachelor's degree in any subject. The National Council of Architectural Registration Boards (NCARB) follow their own criteria for admission to licensing examinations. Before applying to a college or school, check on the number of accredited programs being offered, or on related degree programs such as a program in historic preservation or architectural engineering with an accredited professional architecture degree program. The coursework is similar to accredited programs but problems arise at the time of license. Sometimes a single school offers several accredited professional degree programs, such as a five-year undergraduate degree for high school graduates and a three-and-a-half-year graduate degree for those who already have a degree in another field. One should check on the accreditation status of the school before applying as new architecture schools cannot have NAAB accreditation until the first professional class graduates.

If still undecided, the best choice is the Bachelor of Architecture programs, which allow flexibility of the yearly components of (2+3, 1+4, 3+2 or 4+1). This allows logical entry and exit points from various phases of a full five-year program. The student's work is carefully reviewed before moving onto the next phase: another architecture program, institution or academic discipline such as landscape architecture, industrial design, graphic design, etc.

If interested in further specialization get a post-professional architecture degree in design theory, health care facilities, preservation, interior design, solar design, etc. One minor hitch is that these studies are not NAAB accredited. Study of architecture should not be cost deterrent. The majority of schools and colleges offer financial aid. Another way to save money on your architecture education is to take admission at a community or junior college, then move onto a more renowned college. Or you can opt for five-year program offering logical curriculum decision points. Picking up non-architectural disciplines such as behavioral sciences, engineering (structural and mechanical), economics, CAD or computer-aided design, history or communication is an added bonus whether interested in buildings or landscape designs.

Architecture provides detailed information on Architecture, Architecture Designs, Architecture Schools, Landscape Architecture and more. Architecture is affiliated with Residential Architects.

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Enterprise Architecture

Enterprise architecture is the total picture of an enterprise. It incorporates the broad decisions that should be taken by an organization to build its information support system. It also acts as a master plan that coordinates different aspects of a business enterprise. These aspects includes the goals, objectives, and strategies in the business planning process; the business terms, organization structures, processes and data in business operations; application systems and databases involved in automation; and the computers, operating systems and networks that make up the technological infrastructure. Thus, enterprise architecture has become an inevitable knowledge domain for enterprises in the information age.

To address the various issues involved in the business process, enterprise architecture is divided into business architecture, data architecture, application architecture and technical architecture. The objective is to deliver business solutions.

Enterprise architecture works in different ways. It has different applications for different aspects of a business enterprise, such as intellectual capital, organizational learning, strategic planning, organizational design, competitive advantage, business process reengineering, systems delivery, etc. Most business enterprises in the information age thrive on intellectual capital, not equipment or machinery. Thus, people who contribute by means of new ideas, knowledge and skill sets have to be counted as an asset, not a cost. These intellectual assets of the present day business exceed the value of assets that appear on the balance sheet. But tapping intellectual assets requires structural intellectual assets such as manuals, software, and other knowledge. Enterprise architecture helps to procure and exploit the structural intellectual assets.

The process of procuring enterprise architecture is called organizational learning.

In other words, it is a process by which people share ideas and knowledge through procedures integrated with the work environment. It conserves the learning or the structural intellectual assets of an organization, by recording it. It records knowledge about ideas, objectives and plans; governance principles and models; business terms and organizational structures; processes and data; application systems and technical infrastructure.

In the information economy businesses can never be planned, they have to be designed. Thus, strategy in the traditional sense ceases to exist as a plan and becomes an enterprise design.

Organizational design is the other factor that makes use of the knowledge building and analyzing mechanisms of enterprise architecture. Adaptive enterprise design, which prescribes a firm-specific governance mechanism, has become important for present-day business enterprises. Enterprise architecture can help with necessary knowledge inputs. It can also help in building modern concepts like manage-by-wire, that builds mechanisms for sensing and responding to changes in the market many times faster than the competition.

Present-day businesses are looking to reduce product development time. In enterprises where the information content of the product is high, enterprise architecture can help product differentiation to occur at a low cost. Business process reengineering is another area where enterprise architecture can assist. Business process reengineering is a fundamental rethinking, suggesting redesign of the business enterprises to achieve improvements in performance by cost, quality, capital, service and speed. Enterprise architecture can provide the necessary information inputs for facilitating improvements.

Systems delivery is the final area which is vital to any business enterprise. The components in systems delivery, such as systems architecture, technical architecture, data and information architecture, can be very well integrated through enterprise architecture. Enterprise architecture has thus become a business solution, rather than a model.

Enterprise Architecture provides detailed information on Enterprise Architecture, Federal Enterprise Architecture, Enterprise Architecture Inputs, Enterprise Architecture Planning and more. Enterprise Architecture is affiliated with Contract Management Services.

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Online Architecture Training

Many architectural schools require specialty on-the-job training and internships at almost every level, which takes three years.

Students who intend to take online accredited architecture training should check to find out whether the training is accredited from a valid institution or not. The process of taking architectural licensing exams becomes a bit easier if a student takes training from an accredited institution. Online architectural training helps students choose their career path in architecture.

There are many online courses available offering two-year, four-year as well as five-year programs. Taking a four-year bachelor degree program is considered to be a good choice, as it helps exploring options before deciding which graduate program in architecture would be suitable to take.

Scope of Online Architecture Training

Online architecture training can help aspiring architects achieve their career goals. It instructs students in the art and science of designing and constructing buildings. There are many busy people who wanted to pursue an architectural degree, but could not manage it due to lack of time. Online architecture training is the ideal choice for them as it is neither very expensive nor time consuming.

You can easily manage your studies while working. Most reputable institutions accredit all online architecture schools. In a number of regions, architects need to have taken an approved degree program to obtain a license.

Students considering online architecture training programs might also consider looking into options related to technical, vocational schools or community colleges offering online training. This offers a better chance for students to get good internships and placements.

If a student enrolls in a trade school, he or she can earn a certificate, diploma or degree as an Associate of Arts or Associate of Science in Architecture. This helps students save a lot of time, complete the architecture course and become independent, thereby making a mark in their chosen specialization.

Online architecture training programs offer students courses tailored to learn architectural design. They also update students on a range of modern technologies and building sciences. Students taking online training can expect a considerable gain in knowledge of comprehensive skills like using Computer Assisted Drafting software and three dimensional visualization technologies. Many online architecture-training programs also include graphic design, drafting, design theory and architecture as well as engineering and communication courses.

Employment Opportunities

Online architecture training programs offers a number of employment opportunities to students who have successfully completed their architecture training. Students are generally prepared for entry-level employment such as Architect Technicians, Building Material salesperson, construction assistants, estimators, engineering technicians and several other related professions.

With this online architecture training, you can work with a company or even start a business of your own, provided you have a working license recognized by the state.

Tony Jacowski is a quality analyst for The MBA Journal. Aveta Solutions - Six Sigma Online ( http://www.sixsigmaonline.org ) offers online six sigma training and certification classes for lean six sigma, black belts, green belts, and yellow belts.

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Post Crisis Banking Architecture - Cultural Changes

When people think of and talk about changes that are required in the financial system, they bring in a lot of structural elements; the most visible is the risk management system.

There is however a cultural element that needs to change too. Culture is a broad area, but one essential part is related to the rewarding system. We have been engaged lately in setting up a balanced score card where performance metrics have been the most important indicators. The short-term focus combined with a performance (narrow) focus, has brought a breeding ground for a pseudo-positive-culture.

In this culture the main drive is speed; everything must fit in the goal orientation and any delay costs money. Risk management is a delaying factor in the business process and was seen as a nuisance. "Saying No," strongly disagreeing with propositions, vetoes or negative arguments were banned in such a culture. These would delay the process too much...

Putting risk-management back on the agenda won't be sufficient for banks to function properly. The culture of the organization should change too.
"Everybody is a risk manager," is one way of dealing with this problem. So far the risk manager was one person (department) and an organized from a central role. Risk management is a tough position like that of quality control. If there is a single quality management department, the company will face the same risk as the bank with the central risk management.

Instead, both Risk and Quality should be managed throughout the organization. Otherwise, people can shift the risk or quality responsibility towards these departments. And these departments are consecutively ignored...

The cultural attribute to make this possible has to do with simple communication. If someone is not backing-up a proposal he should receive space to clearly state this, even when this will delay the process. Only if an organization accepts this, the risk or quality system will work; otherwise the old culture of speeding things up will thwart the change initiative towards a more overall risk-sensitive culture.

10 Features of Modern Cape Cod Architecture

When you visit Cape Cod, there is no doubt that you are witnessing a unique style of architecture rooted in colonial times when simplicity and functionality where at their best. There are many characteristics of the Cape Cod architecture style that permeate still in todays modern versions. However, the style has evolved tremendously showcasing more detail and larger living spaces. Here is a list of ten commonly found architectural features found in part of the revival of the modern Cape Cod architecture style:

1. Cedar shake shingles are perhaps the most defining feature of a modern cape cod style home. Although traditionally they could be found with clapboard or brick, cedar shakes have emerged as the most popular modern choice. Visit Cape Cod today and you'll see it everywhere.

2. Traditional Cape Cod homes tend to be small in size, however, more modern versions are definitely modest in size and sometimes can be relatively sizeable compared to the past. This is of course historically how they were built being minimal and affordable. Nowadays, the style is kept alive, but the modern twist of size, functionality, and added detail are important additions.

3. Steep roofs with narrow eaves were used to combat the harsh weather. This is true even in todays modern styles and was part of the minimalist concept that contributes to the plain and simple look. This detail has kept constant and is an important element that defines the style and gives it a unique look.

4. A central chimney was often found that would keep the house warm in an economical manner with several surrounding rooms that could take advantage of the chimneys location.

5. Symmetrical front elevations were common in traditional times. Nowadays, we have garages for modern day cars, which has caused the home to crack this pattern.

6. Dormers are part of the modern revival and are utilized in attics to let light and warmth in. They also help create a larger space as bedrooms in the attic have become increasingly popular.

7. Gables were typical with steep pitched roofs. Modern gables can have decorative accents in them or wainscoting showcasing the evolution of detail that has emerged in this style of architecture.

8. Window boxes seem to be everywhere you look on modern Cape Cod style homes. Visit Cape Cod today and you will see some form of window box gardening on nearly every other home or business.

9. Windows are an important traditional feature. Nowadays, details have overcome simplicity. It's not uncommon to find a bay window or picture window in a modern Cap Cod style home.

10. Try adding functional wood shutters with cutouts in them. This craftsmans touch to a Cape Cod will help modernize it. In the past, shutters were merely decorative accents with no function to them.

Matt Buquoi is the owner of Flower Window Boxes, a window box company that specializes in affordable no rot window boxes. His window boxes have been featured in many cottage and cape cod style homes showing off an array of beautiful flowers. These no rot window boxes can be made custom and fast anywhere in the country.

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Tuscan Architecture

Tuscan architecture combines modern and classic elements that make up pure Old World Europe. The beauty of architecture Tuscan style comes from the typical custom crafted natural stone. This includes limestone, travertine and marble. Terracotta floor and roof tiles are often used to give the antique feel. In Tuscan architecture, wooden beams are often refurbished from Tuscan farmhouses.

Tuscany architecture involves fine Italian building materials that create beautiful marble fireplaces, wrought iron gates and amazing fountains.

Integrating Tuscan elements brings a sense of Old-World charm and mystique to indoor and outdoor aspects of your home.

Exterior architecture typically include:

Tile roof Wrought iron front door entrance Walls covered with vines Crumbling stone walls that outline patios and walkways Beautiful travertine cobblestone driveways Brick or stone set garden paving Tuscan Landscape : Lavender, rosemary and sage can be found surrounding a Tuscan style home. Old lemon pots and antique jars give the feel of a Tuscany garden .

Interior architecture typically include:

Walls: Plaster walls with hand painted wall treatments. Usage of warm colors that represent the rolling hills of Tuscany bring the feel of basking under the Tuscan sun! Mediterranean decor involves subtle earth tones. These are standard in French Country decorating.

Ceilings: Textured richly. Stenciled borders can be found along the ceilings. Paneled or vaulted ceilings are a typical choice in decor as it creates pure Tuscany architectural framework. Wooden or chestnut beams provide a rustic feel to the Old World style home.

Floor: Glass, stone and tile are often used to create amazing mosaic art for flooring, which works well with table tops. Terracotta tiles, marble and ceramic flooring marks true Tuscany home decor . Selection of marbles that blend nicely with your Tuscan color palette.

Tuscany architecture uses pale travertine in home flooring. Marble Chips, stucco and crushed stone are polished nicely creating terrazo floors.

Your home can be so beautiful when choosing architecture Tuscan style!

Patrice D. Walker is an Architect student who specializes in Tuscan Decorating. Visit: http://www.Tuscan-Home-101.com/tuscan_decor.html for more Tuscan interior design tips and information.

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Design and Build Your Career - Get an Architecture Degree

What Does an Architecture Degree Involve?

Architecture is where art meets science. It is a cross between design and engineering. You can study an architectural training program in college or in a specialist architecture school. There are various different varieties of architecture and most architecture schools will give you a good grounding to allow you to develop your own style and interests. There are various specialized program areas that may also attract you such as domestic housing, entertainment complexes, civic buildings, or industrial drafting for factories, gas stations, or power facilities. You may decide to concentrate on buildings designed to resist particular natural disasters such as flood, earthquakes, or tornadoes.

Typical subjects may include building materials, architectural styles, architectural engineering, health and safe working practices, building regulations and codes, and supply (plumbing, electricity, gas, and telecommunications). You will likely need to complete several assignments and you will need to learn how to take a brief. You will also need to learn how to read blueprints, and how to use computer assisted design software. Drafting by hand is rare these days, however some architecture schools still place a lot of emphasis on a student's ability to draw.

How Do I Become an Architect?

There is a little more to becoming an architect than passing your architecture degree. All states and the District of Columbia require licensure before you can practice. You will need to work under the supervision of a qualified architect to gain practical experience. Then, you are required to pass all sections of the Architect Registration Examination (ARE). Your architecture school should also be one of the 113 schools accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board (NAAB). A standard Bachelor of architecture degree takes five years although shorter training options are available for returning students and graduates of related degrees.

Ale Fischer is a freelance writer who contributes to FINDaDEGREEnow.com, an Education Portal and College Guide

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Architecture Books - Knowledge Pool For Construction of Buildings

The architecture books are available in various formats. One of its best form is the pocket book. It can be carried with ease and is a good guide for people involved in construction work. Master photographs and modern classical collections of artwork as well as methods of constructing buildings are well illustrated in these books.

Several books have been released throughout history. The best examples of architecture books are 'A History of Architecture', 'Modern Architecture', 'American Architecture', 'Details of Modern Architecture' and much more . These books give detailed instruction as how to carry forward construction of a building so as to enhance the aesthetic looks of the building.

These books are also available online and so the user can access them on a computer. Different websites have been launched that are actually a library of books. Here, one can find architecture books too. Such online books are decorated with posters of tall buildings. The online books are also classified under different categories. One can find books on specific buildings. Books of 'Fallingwater' and 'Hill House' are great illustrations for they give the readers the proper knowledge as how to construct fountains in a building, or the proper construction of a Hill House.

Nowadays, such books are also available in CDs and DVDs too. People can simply buy them and read the architecture books on the screen of the computer. The price of the DVDs are kept low. So, people can buy them and keep reading them on their laptops. The best sellers among these books let the reader know the aesthetics and mechanism of building tall and marvelous buildings furnished with all the modern day luxuries and comfort. So, it is always wise to consult these books before starting with a construction work.

On the internet, it also becomes easy to search for architecture books. There is the search option on each website where people can just type the name of the book and instantly get access to it. The readers can also make use of keywords to find out the latest architecture books. It makes the entire process of reading books simple and easy.

Know more about books price comparison at rupiz compare and get discount shop for cheap books here.

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Architecture Online Schools

If you can see yourself as a professional architect in the future, you should know that online architecture schools can help you reach your goals. Architectural design is a vast subject, taking in planning, design, construction, materials, environment, landscape, and even furniture placement.

Architecture schools instruct in the art and science of designing and erecting buildings. Busy adults can earn a degree in Architecture via distance learning, and not have to give up current employment.

Most online architecture schools are nationally accredited institutions. In many regions, an approved degree program is a requirement for licensure as an architect. Students interested in drafting and architecture, digital design, landscape architecture, home design, or computer aided design (CAD) should seek a college degree from an accredited architecture school, technical school, or an appropriate art school. Architecture continues to require specialized training and internships outside the classroom. An internship can last three years.

Online schools provide degree programs and architecture training in a variety of long-term or short-term career-focused subjects and career paths. There are five-year Bachelor or Master of Architecture degree programs offered online, however, the four-year bachelor's degree program is a better choice for those exploring subjects of interest prior to pursuing graduate school for a Master's degree in Architecture.

Becoming an architect consists of a proper education, as well as an internship and examinations. To be a successful architect requires dedication, creativity, attention to detail, and resolve for completing projects on time.

If you are interested in learning more about Online Architecture Schools and other programs of study, please search our site for in-depth information and resources.

DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERAL OVERVIEW and may or may not reflect specific practices, courses and/or services associated with ANY ONE particular school(s) that is or is not advertised on SchoolsGalore.com.

Copyright 2006 - All rights reserved by Media Positive Communications, Inc.

Notice: Publishers are free to use this article on an ezine or website, provided the article is reprinted in its entirety, including copyright and disclaimer, and ALL links remain intact and active.

Michael Bustamante is a staff writer for Media Positive Communications, Inc. Find Architecture Schools Colleges, Universities, Natural Healing Schools, Vocational Schools and Online Schools at SchoolsGalore.com, your educational resource to locate schools.

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Drafting and Architecture Schools

Drafting and Architecture Schools teach the necessary skills needed to design or create buildings, homes, bridges, dams, and other engineering projects. Drafting and Architecture Schools instruct in the use of computer-aided design and drafting (CADD) programs to assist in the function of designing. CADD proficiency is vital for the professional architect or drafter, and an important part of the overall education.

At Drafting and Architecture School, architecture students learn to design buildings that are safe, sound, and functional, as well as aesthetically pleasing. Professional architects are licensed and qualified to design buildings and complexes, and create plans for remodeling existing structures.

At Drafting and Architecture School, drafting students learn to draw up the plans and technical aspects of the design that are needed before a building project can begin. They learn how to turn rough sketches and brief notes into a precise and detailed plan, expanding the technical details and providing the visual guidelines needed to complete the project. The professional drafter usually specializes in one particular area of drafting, such as architectural, mechanical, civil, or electrical.

To become an architect, you must graduate from a Drafting and Architecture School that is accredited by the National Architectural Accrediting Board, and you must obtain a state license. Drafters must have completed post-secondary training, either through a career college or a traditional four-year university.

The annual salary range for architects and drafters is very broad (from $17k - $100k or more), and depends on education and experience.

To learn more about an exciting career in Drafting and Architecture, feel free to search the many options found at www.schoolsgalore.com.

DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERAL OVERVIEW and may or may not reflect specific practices, courses and/or services associated with ANY ONE particular school(s) that is or is not advertised on SchoolsGalore.com

Copyright 2006 - All Rights Reserved
Michael Bustamante, in association with Media Positive Communications, Inc. for SchoolsGalore.com

M. Bustamante is a staff writer for Media Positive Communications, Inc. in association with SchoolsGalore.com. Find Drafting and Architecture Schools at SchoolsGalore.com; meeting your needs as your educational resource to locate schools.

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Drafting and Architecture Training

Are you seeking drafting and architecture training? If so, you must understand that in order to become a legal, practicing architect in the United States, you are required to follow a specific educational path, and be licensed.

To attain a professional license, future architects must first attain professional drafting and architecture training from a qualified school. Upon successful graduation, candidates are required to participate in an internship to continue their drafting and architecture training. After that, the student may go on to taking the Architect Registration Examination (ARE) and must receive passing scores on all divisions.

If you are wondering what drafting and architecture training really consists of, the coursework will generally include related subjects such as architectural history, theory, building design, construction techniques, liberal arts, math, physical sciences, professional practice, arts and design, and computer aided drafting (CAD).

If you are serious about a career in drafting and architecture, then a vocational school or community college is a good place to gain your footing. Most employers are seeking experienced and well-educated candidates, so it is important to obtain a solid background in academics and technologies suited for the dual career. Drafting and architecture training that can be transferred to a 4-year college can be used as a stepping stone to a Bachelor Degree in Architecture and Drafting. Some vocational schools offer comprehensive technical training that will lead to a certificate or diploma of completion; others may offer an Associate Degree.

Aspiring professionals who have completed their vocational drafting and architecture training, and have successfully met all requirements of licensure, may earn anywhere from $25,000 to nearly $100,000 per year, depending on combined education and experience.

If you would like to learn more about Drafting and Architecture Training and Drafting and Architecture Schools, or even Online Drafting and Architecture Schools, you can find more in-depth information and resources on our website.

DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERAL OVERVIEW and may or may not reflect specific practices, courses and/or services associated with ANY ONE particular school(s) that is or is not advertised on SchoolsGalore.com.

Copyright 2007 - All rights reserved by SchoolsGalore.com, in association with Media Positive Communications, Inc.

Notice: Publishers are free to use this article on an ezine or website, provided the article is reprinted in its entirety, including copyright and disclaimer, and ALL links remain intact and active.

Michael Bustamante is a staff writer for Media Positive Communications, Inc. in association with SchoolsGalore.com. Find Drafting and Architecture Schools, Colleges, Universities, Vocational Schools, and Online Schools at SchoolsGalore.com, your educational resource to locate schools.

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Architecture Schools Offer Many Career Paths

Architecture schools offer many career paths. Students can choose two-year, four-year, or five-year programs. Four-year bachelor's degree programs are a good choice for exploring options before deciding which graduate architecture school degree program to follow.

Architecture Schools address the many subjects of architecture that involve design, construction, and reconstruction of buildings, large and small. Architecture requires in-depth knowledge of materials, environments, landscapes, climates, soils, and planning strategies.

Students who choose to study architecture should realize that Architecture Schools may not be (and do not need to be) accredited. Professional architecture degree programs, however, are accredited. Architecture Schools may or may not offer accredited architecture degrees, and those that do may offer only one or two accredited degrees.

Architecture Schools may offer programs in historic preservation, architectural engineering, and accredited professional architecture degree programs. For those who intend to pursue architecture licenses should be careful to register for degree programs that are accredited by NAAB (National Architectural Accrediting Board ) or CACB (Canadian Architectural Certification Board). Only accredited degrees meet qualifications necessary for taking architectural licensing exams in most states.

Students interested in drafting, digital design, or home design, architecture careers do not require a degree from an accredited program. Technical schools or art schools may be a suitable choice. Architecture programs at any level, however, do require specialty on-the-job training and internships, which can take as long as three years. Students should consider personal issues, as well as issues relating to the schools being considered, before deciding on which Architecture School to attend.

If you are interested in learning more about Architecture Schools, colleges, and universities, please search our site for more information and resources.

DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERAL OVERVIEW and may or may not reflect specific practices, courses and/or services associated with ANY ONE particular school(s) that is or is not advertised on SchoolsGalore.com.

Copyright 2006 - All Rights Reserved

Michael Bustamante, in association with Media Positive Communications, Inc. for SchoolsGalore.com

Notice to Publishers: Please feel free to use this article in your Ezine or on your Website; however, ALL links must remain intact and active.

Michael Bustamante is a staff writer for Media Positive Communications, Inc. Find out more about Architecture Training and Online Architecture Schools at SchoolsGalore.com; meeting your needs as your educational resource to locate schools.

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Landscape Architecture Schools

Landscape Architecture Schools address an ever broadening range of landscaping, from designing golf courses to reforestation to reclaiming urban "brownfields." Technical expertise, an understanding of natural and social processes, and an appreciation for preservation of resources are all elements of importance to the Landscape Architecture professional. In general, a degree in Landscape Architecture through a four-year Bachelor Degree program is required for professional employment.

Studying for a Bachelor of Landscape Architecture degree will provide learning experiences in theory and application. Students in Landscape Architecture programs are encouraged to be creative and inventive, to cultivate imagination, and to sharpen their decision-making skills. Students will draw information from historic example, design and art theory, and geographic analysis. Processes of planning will be emphasized, along with analysis of social, environmental, economic, and public policy and legal issues that might affect all processes.

Landscape Architecture professionals will find employment in areas of design, engineering, construction, planning, land development, commercial, research, and recreation. Collaborating and consulting with clients and public officials, taking inventory, and analyzing geographic settings, developing programs, creating land use designs, drawing and diagramming to specifications, and preparing contracts and reports are all aspects of the Landscape Architecture professional's position.

Landscape Architecture designers, managers, scientists, and planners are all specializations within the field of Landscape Architecture. Each specialization is concerned with different details in the process of creating landscapes that suit particular needs, and each may require an additional year of study beyond the BA in Landscape Architecture.

If you are interested in learning more about Landscape Architecture Schools, colleges, and universities, please search our site for more in-depth information and resources.

Copyright 2006 - All Rights Reserved
Michael Bustamante, in association with Media Positive Communications, Inc. for SchoolsGalore.com

Notice to Publishers: Please feel free to use this article in your Ezine or on your Website; however, ALL links must remain intact and active.

Michael Bustamante is a staff writer for Media Positive Communications, Inc. in association with SchoolsGalore.com. Find Landscape Architecture Schools at SchoolsGalore.com; meeting your needs as your educational resource to locate schools.

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Architecture Training

Students considering architecture training programs might consider looking into offerings by technical, trade, and vocational schools or community colleges. Enrolling in a trade school, students can earn certificates, diplomas, or Associate of Arts (AA) or Associate of Science (AS) degrees in Architecture. In just months, students can complete an architecture course and be on their way to a professional career in the building and construction industry.

Architecture schools provide students with courses tailored to learning architectural design, various technologies, and building sciences. Students taking architecture training can anticipate gaining comprehensive skills in the use of Computer Assisted Drafting (CAD) software and three-dimensional visualization technology. Courses in graphic design, design theory, drafting and architecture, building and engineering, and communications can also be expected in architecture training programs of study.

Students who have successfully completed an architecture training program will be prepared for entry-level employment as Architecture Technicians, Assistant Project Managers, Building Materials Salesperson, Construction Assistants, Engineering Technicians, Estimators, and many other related occupations.

By furthering their architecture training at a trade or technical school, the student will be one step closer to fulfilling requisites for a career in architecture design and technology. Upon successful completion of vocational architectural training, the graduate may choose to transfer credits to a college or university and begin an architecture degree program to acquire Bachelor of Arts (BA), Bachelor of Science (BS), Master of Arts (MA), or Master of Science (MS) degree in Architectural Engineering.

If you would like to learn more about Architecture Training, or even Online Architecture Schools, you can find more in-depth information and resources on our website.

DISCLAIMER: Above is a GENERAL OVERVIEW and may or may not reflect specific practices, courses and/or services associated with ANY ONE particular school(s) that is or is not advertised on SchoolsGalore.com.

Copyright 2007 - All rights reserved by SchoolsGalore.com, in association with Media Positive Communications, Inc.

Notice: Publishers are free to use this article on an ezine or website, provided the article is reprinted in its entirety, including copyright and disclaimer, and ALL links remain intact and active.

Michael Bustamante is a staff writer for Media Positive Communications, Inc. in association with SchoolsGalore.com. Find Architecture Schools, Colleges, Universities, Vocational Schools, and Online Schools at SchoolsGalore.com, your educational resource to locate schools.

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Prairie Style Architecture - DeKalb, Illinois

I have already discussed DeKalb, Illinois' most obvious example of Prairie style architecture, the oft-mistaken for a Frank Lloyd Wright work A.O. Anderson House. While prominent it isn't the only example of the style in the city. In fact, there are other examples of the style by architects much more well-known than John S. Van Bergen. Augusta Avenue is a good place to start, within a block of the Anderson House are two examples of architecture by a key Prairie architect.

1908 - Dr. F.N. Rowan House

At 250 Augusta Avenue is the Dr. F.N. Rowan House, a Tudor Revival influenced structure designed by Oak Park, Illinois architect E.E. Roberts, though it is clearly not full-blown Tudor Revival. The curvilinear dormer seen here was a trademark of his Prairie style work. In fact, if you look, you can see other Prairie influences on the house, the broad, flat roof of the large porch, the porch itself, the overhanging eaves, all elements of Prairie style. Hipped roof are not a requirement. The half timbering, though, screams Tudor Revival. Roberts was an important architect who designed hundreds of homes in Oak Park alone. While Roberts is considered a Prairie architect, he never had any working association with his nearby rival Frank Lloyd Wright and always kept to his own vision of Prairie style architecture. The Rowan House was built in 1908.

1904 - Etna J. Wiswall House

Across the street from the Rowan House, but still facing Augusta, is the E.J. Wiswall House. The Wiswall House is another example of Roberts' work in DeKalb, this one showing more of a Prairie tilt. While Roberts' credit for the home isn't a 100 percent certainty it very closely resembles a Roberts designed home in Oak Park and he is generally credited with having won the Wiswall commission. The house is clad entirely in stucco, features a large, pillar-supported porch, and hipped roofs with broad overhanging eaves; all hallmarks of Prairie style architecture. The house is believed to have been constructed in 1904.

Seemelessly blended with nature, the front door just isn't where you'd think it should be. C. 1895 Rankin House.

Of the early Prairie style works in DeKalb the Rankin House at 200 W. Locust Street was, perhaps, done by the most pre-eminent architect of the group. The stucco clad, two-story Rankin House may well indeed be the work of architect George W. Maher. Maher was a noted Chicago Prairie style architect whose John C. Farson House (better known as Pleasant Home) in Oak Park has been declared a National Historic Landmark. The Rankin House has a front door that just isn't where you would expect it. The home was built c. 1895.

The door is along the east side, along with a large chimney.

It's unknown whether the house was designed by Maher for sure, there are other candidates for its design, it is very similar, along with another DeKalb house at 594 W. Lincoln Hwy, to other Maher commissions.

The layout of the chimney and portico is reminiscent of John S. Van Bergen's work. 1924 - 115 N. First St..

Another DeKalb Prairie style house is found at 115 N. First Street. This is another example of a home without a known architect, more research is needed. The tall rectangular chimney located on the front of the north facade, near the portico (wiki), is found in the same layout in a 1910 John S. Van Bergen designed apartment complex in Oak Park. Possible evidence of his hand? Hard to say.

The main entrance is located along the north facade, not the front (east facade).

The house is a nice Prairie example, broad, overhanging hip roofs, a large, pillar supported front porch, and a main entrance moved to side in lieu of a lot of glass, allowing the natural light to pour into the structure. The building also appears to hug the ground, an appearance that is enhanced by the building being set into a hillside.

Both sides feature porticos and the home has a Prairie-style horizontal emphasis.

Both the north and south facades feature porticos, and the north facade's (seen two images above) layout reinforces the horizontal emphasis of the home. The Prairie style house on First Street, with the green tile roof, dates from about 1924.

You can get more detail about all of these houses in the articles linked below. The Wikipedia entries that are linked (mostly by me, for you) will give you more information about the architects and other information mentioned in this post. Enjoy.

Online Resources

*F.N. Rowan House: 2004 Daily Chronicle article

*F.N. Rowan House: Old Photo - 1970s photograph

*E.J. Wiswall House: 2005 Daily Chronicle article

*E.J. Wiswall House: Old Photo - 1970s photo

*Rankin House: 2005 Daily Chronicle article, another 2005 article

*Rankin House: Old Photos - Oldest known photo; 1970s - 1, 2

*115 N. First Street: 2005 Daily Chronicle article

*Wikipedia: John S. Van Bergen, E.E. Roberts, John C. Farson House (all by me), George W. Maher (not by me)

A keen eye will spot other examples of Prairie architecture in DeKalb, something we will explore at a later date. Tomorrow, follow me to the tiny village of Esmond, Illinois.

Article written by Andy McMurray a freelance writer and photographer based in DeKalb, Illinois. He has worked at DeKalb¼s Daily Chronicle, The Midweek, and the Northern Illinois University newspaper, the Northern Star. Known variously around the Internet as Dr. Gonzo or IvoShandor, Andy's wide ranging interests and knowledge in history, architecture, historic preservation, art and science have allowed McMurray to excel in penning both fiction and non-fiction pieces. In addition to pursuing a fiction career Andy has written and photographed extensively for English Wikipedia. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/User:IvoShandor

Article submitted by Clinton Rushing an Illinois home inspector currently endeavoring in consultation, previous owner of #1 Good Home Inspection Inc. currently operating http://www.1GoodHomeInspection.com as a resource for real estate and home improvement information.

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Books - Art, Architecture and Photography

Bell Hooks once stated "Life transforming ideas have always come to me through books." There is no better rejuvenation than reading a book for anyone who has picked it up as a hobby. Books indeed fill up your mind with ideas; ideas that are sometimes vain, sometimes thought provoking and sometimes life transforming. Books for every interest group exist in this world. Be it an adventure seeking soul, a meditation lover, a die hard romantic, a photography enthusiast or a connoisseur of art. The task here is just to find that right one that is capable of satiating your thirst.

Art, architecture and photography is a popular category when it comes to the book section of various high street stores or e-shops. Various followers of art, architecture and photography are on a never-ending trail for buying books that can further enhance their knowledge in their fields of interest. Not just the self starters, the veterans in the field too are on a constant look out for such books that can give a push to their careers.

Range of recommended books falling under this category includes the likes of The Digital Photography Handbook: An Illustrated Step-by-Step Guide by Doug Harman, The Botanical Palette: Colour for the Botanical Painter by Society of Botanical Artists, The Story of Art by E.H.Gombrich, Architect's Pocket Book by Charlotte Baden-Powell, Landscape Photographer of the Year: Collection 1 by Charlie Waite and Understanding Exposure: How to Shoot Great Photographs with a Film or Digital Camera by Bryan Peterson.

Informational books as these not just interests the veterans in the field, but general book readers as well who have an eye for art, architecture and photography. Various portals and e-shops on the internet have special sections dedicated to these genres. Most of the bestsellers in these categories are available online. You can also avail the free home delivery benefit offered by the merchants over the World Wide Web.

Jacob Marshal, a dedicated writer of Rupizcompare.co.uk which provide Architecture & Photography with Books and Magazines as price comparison shopping.

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Architecture to Soothe the Soul

Mankind's fascination with the world of art and aesthetics is one that stretches beyond the beginning of civilization itself; the proof lies in artistically decorated pottery shards found in ancient Europe and the advent of fashion design through the ages.

Without a doubt, people are and have seemingly always been attracted to beauty, not merely as a way to keep up with popular trends but as a way to get in touch with their own needs and emotional needs as an individual. Architecture has mirrored this social fixation with beauty and utility for thousands of years as well, and top designers have created special functional pieces like wall fountains and wall water falls that in modern homes and gardens give off an air of sophistication and inner tranquility.

Perhaps most importantly with wall mounted fountains is the way in which they are incorporated into the existing decor of a household, garden or even a corporate landscape site. Depending on individual taste and the specific way that your home and yard space is utilized, you will find that certain variations on the same architectural idea will appeal to you more than others; wall fountains, wall mounted fountains or wall water fountains, for example, all offer the same essential soothing qualities in their use of natural running water.

With different mounting schemes and designs in the wall water fountains, however, you should be able to find something that suits not only your home's aesthetic needs but to speak to your subconscious mind and help you reach your own level of meditation when it becomes necessary. The truth is that modern architecture, especially in terms of innate, intimate and functional designs, has developed the ability to tap into the human psyche and help us all deal with the stresses of daily life. Wall water fountains, as simple as they may seem, can really bring new life into boring home decorating schemes and help to create a much more relaxing environment in which to spend your day.

Kristina L. is resource for Net Health Shops, LLC, home of the website Serenity Health, Water Fountain Place and the blog Water Fountains and Relaxation. Serenity Health offers thousands of stress relief and relaxation products including water fountains, wall fountains, bean bags, aromatherapy, wind spinners and chimes and much more. Water Fountain Place is your one stop shop for any type of water fountains you may need.

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Marketing Ideas For Small Architecture Firms

Small architectural firms have slowly dwindled, being unable to cope with competition from established larger firms. This makes it essential for the existing small architectural firms to have a well-thought-out marketing plan and effective marketing strategies to become successful firms. Some firms have selected a certain niche to specialize in; others have formed alliances with other services to stay in business. With a good marketing strategy they can attain their target goal more easily.

Some Marketing Ideas for Small Architecture Firms:
- Making use of the Internet is a great way to market small architecture firms. By creating a content-rich, visually pleasing and easily navigable website, you can attract a number of clients. You can make your small architectural firm visible to the whole world using the Internet; and if it is keyword-search optimized, your site can be displayed when keyword searches are done by prospective clients, thus making it highly target market-oriented.
- You can also start a free newsletter service asking those who visit your site to subscribe to it, generating leads as well as staying in touch with potential clients.
- Ask for your satisfied customers to put up their testimonials on your website as this may help persuade other clients to consider your firm.
- Permission-based e-mail marketing is a very cost-effective and easy way to market your services online.
- Use carefully planned advertisements that are well planned and that convey the right message to the clients extolling the benefits of choosing your firm. The TV, radio, newspaper, free newspapers, and magazines can be used effectively to advertise your services. Make sure you advertise regularly and effectively. Try advertising in magazines that deal in home decoration or building and construction. Infomercials on TV that are informative as well as portray your firm as trustworthy and capable can help, too.
- Form alliances with other services that complement your business, in which they can refer you and get a commission from you for doing so.
- Work out deals with local real estate agents who may recommend you to people who are in need of your services.
- Offer excellent customer service, since nothing can compare to word-of-mouth advertisements. Your firm has to appear dependable and experienced and promise them quality work, but make sure you keep your promise.
- Market research and competitive analysis have to be done frequently to stay ahead of your competition and to counter any of their strategies.
- Keep track of how your client heard of you, since it can help give you valuable insight as to which advertising media is working for you and which area is not that effective so that you can allot appropriate funds to the various media.

You can use these tips and many more for getting new clients for your firm. If required you can even take the services of professional marketing consultants and business management software for managing and developing your business.

Alexander Gordon is a writer for http://www.smallbusinessconsulting.com - The Small Business Consulting Community. Sign-up for the free success steps newsletter and get our booklet valued at $24.95 for free as a special bonus. The newsletter provides daily strategies on starting and significantly growing a business.

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